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Aims the study is how to create the model of the solar radiation as a function to coordinates of latitude and longitude of the location point for determined every points on the map of Algeria. This solar radiation varying according to type of the area, because the Algeria area changing from the rock, a vegetarian environment and desert area. Our model gives a good away for all area of the Algeria by average solar radiation with residual R²= 0.981 about latitude and 0.866 of longitude.
The model it’s good for help most researcher to calculate all points in the Algeria ground such as numerical study.
prediction, solar radiation, map, latitude, longitude
Algeria is ranked among the five countries in the world that have the best solar deposits; this solar energy is available on a large part of Algeria. The solar energy is a source of energy that can replace fossil energy because it is non-polluting and non-exhaustible. For the development of many solar energy devices and for the creation of performance estimates, it is necessary to know precisely the distribution of solar radiation in Algeria. Most African countries do not have the equipment and techniques to measure solar radiation. This is why we have developed methods for estimating solar radiation on the basis of meteorological data.
Several authors have developed models for estimating solar radiation. For the Arab world, Alnaser et al. [1] defused the atlas of solar radiation. In the latter, we find the duration of sunshine, global solar radiation and diffuse solar radiation. It covers 19 Arab States and almost 280 covering latitudes ranging from 0° (tropical) to 37° N and longitudes ranging from 19° E to nearly 60° E at different altitudes relative to sea level. Used Artificial Intelligence (ANN) to develop a forecasting model that can estimate monthly average daily solar irradiance on a horizontal surface for locations in Uganda on the basis of meteorological station data [2]. Estimated average daily solar radiation using a model based on particle swarm optimizations and artificial neural networks [3]. The inputs of this model are: sunshine duration, latitude, longitude and altitude, the average monthly of the global solar radiation is the output.
In this year, we find several researchers working in the field of solar radiation; this is due to the interest of the latter in our daily life. Several experimental studies took place. Some researchers [4-9] have used solar radiation as an energy source to collect solar energy because solar radiation has a significant impact on the thermal efficiency of solar collectors. Some works were used the different meteorologic parameters such as humidity, temperature, pressure, and angle of sun elevation for determined the global solar radiation [10-14].
In this point, we try to divide the map of Algeria between the coordinates of longitude and latitude by -8.5° West at 11.5° East and 18.5° North at 37.5° South respectively for reason to update all the surface of Algeria with average solar radiation for create a matrix of database which help us to modeling numerically because this away to prediction the solar radiation as a function of the latitude and longitude coordinates.
Firstly, we try to prediction the average solar radiation as a function to latitude and secondly as a function to longitude which gives us the relationship:
$E(L)=301.02-1.5 L-0.073 L^{2} \quad R^{2}=0.955$ (1)
$E(\varphi)=597.21-24.48 \varphi+0.369 \varphi^{2} \quad R^{2}=0.833$ (2)
Algeria has the highest technical and economic potential for solar power exploitation in the MENA region, with about 170 TWh per year. First industrial scale solar thermal power project has been initiated by inauguration of Hassi R'Mel power station in 2011. This new hybrid power plant combines a 25-megawatt (MW) concentrating solar power array in conjunction with a 130 MW combined cycle gas turbine plant.
Figure 1. Algeria of global irradiation [15]
The Figure 2, show the variation of the solar radiation map according to coordinates latitude and longitude, we can be seen that the maximum solar radiation situated in the south Algeria with height large, range between the latitude 18.5° and 23.5 °, longitude -8.5° and 8.5° by solar radiation same both 316.71 W/m² and 341.5 W/m², respectively, then with low solar radiation in the center of Algeria between 25° and 32.5° of the latitude that’s mean the solar radiation depending to latitude coordinate meaning when go to equator, we noted that variation sensitive in this away.
Figure 2. Variation of the solar radiation map according to coordinates latitude and longitude
Figure 3. Variation of the solar radiation according to Longitude coordinate
Figure 3 show the solar radiation as a function to longitude coordinate, we can remark that evolution start with height value of solar radiation in the point of longitude coordinate equal to -8.5° and then takes a descries to a minimum value of solar radiation by 285W/m² in the 10.5°.
The established model is taking a good away with a data of the solar radiation that’s mean with low errors.
$E(L)=301.02-1.5 L-0.073 L^{2} \quad R^{2}=0.955$ (3)
$E(\varphi)=597.21-24.48 \varphi+0.369 \varphi^{2} \quad R^{2}=0.833$ (4)
Figure 4. Variation of the solar radiation according to Latitude coordinate
Figure 4 show the solar radiation as a function to Latitude coordinate, we can remark that evolution start with height value of solar radiation in the two points of latitude coordinate limited in the extremity both 19.5 and 37.5°, then takes a descries to a minimum value in the low curves with peak of solar radiation in the latitude point same to 32.5°. The established model is taking a good away with a data of the solar radiation that’s mean with low errors.
The purpose of this study is to develop a model for measuring the average solar irradiation as a function to coordinates of latitude and longitude on the map of Algeria. We conclude that the maximum solar radiation is located in southern Algeria with a high height, lies between latitude 18.5° and 23.5°, longitude -8.5° and 8.5°, respectively, then with a weak solar radiation in the center of Algeria between 25° and 32,5° of latitude that is to say the solar radiation depending on the coordinate of latitude signifying when one goes to the equator.
The established model has given us the best approach with a small error, we can also predict solar radiation easily according to latitude and longitude coordinates.
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[4] Moummi, N., Chabane, F., Benramache, S., Brima, A. (2013). Thermal efficiency analysis of a single-flow solar air heater with different mass flow rates in a smooth plate. Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (FHMT), 4(1).
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[6] Chabane, F., Moummi, N., Benramache, S. (2013). Experimental analysis on thermal performance of a solar air collector with longitudinal fins in a region of Biskra, Algeria. Journal of Power Technologies, 93(1): 52-58.
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[11] Chabane, F., Khadraoui, Z., Bensahal, D. (2018). Prediction of global solar radiation on the horizontal area with the effect of ambient temperature Part: II. Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science, 63: 73-77.
[12] Chabane, F., Laznek, I., Bensahal, D. (2018). Prediction of global solar radiation on the horizontal area with the effect of relative humidity. Part: I. Italian Journal of Engineering Science: Tecnica Italiana, 61(2): 115-18. https://doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.620209
[13] Chabane, F., Ghedhifi, M. A., Bensahal, D., Brima, A., Moummi, N. (2018). Forecast of global solar irradiation with a perfect model according to incline angle. Journal of Power Technologies, 98(3): 245-254.
[14] Chabane, F., Moummi, N., & Brima, A. (2016). Predictions of solar radiation distribution: Global, direct and diffuse light on horizontal surface. The European Physical Journal Plus, 131(4): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2016-16106-7
[15] http:// Solargis.info Algeria Wikipedia