© 2021 IIETA. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
OPEN ACCESS
The article overviews the influence transport supply has on the functioning parameters of the urban mobility structure of a large city that does not have off-street transport. The influence of the cost of paid parking, the length of bus and bike lanes on the share of trips by personal and public transport, cycling and pedestrian traffic is established. An assessment of the change in passenger traffic at individual bus stops and passenger traffic on bus routes is carried out with a change in the structure of urban mobility. The change in urban mobility with the expansion of the paid parking zone in the city centre is considered. The structure of urban mobility is determined using simulation modelling with a macroscopic transport model of a large city with a population over 800 thousand people. The parameters of three- factor mathematical models are determined, the adequacy of the models are checked and the static characteristics are presented. Changes in routes of movement of pedestrians and passengers of public transport after the construction of a new pedestrian bridge are predicted. Pedestrian traffic on the bridge increases with the introduction of a bus stop next to the bridge and two new routes for public transport.
bike lanes, bus lane, paid parking, pedestrian traffic, transport planning and modelling, urban mobility, urban transport system
[1] Currie, G. & De Gruyter, C., Exploring links between the sustainability performanceof urban public transport and land use in international cities. Journal of Transport andLand Use, 11, pp. 325–342, 2018. doi:10.5198/jtlu.2018.957.
[2] Mohan, D. & Tiwari, G., Sustainable transport systems: linkages between environmentalissues, public transport, non-motorised. Economic and Political Weekly, 34(25),pp.1589–1596, 1999.
[3] Keay, K. & Simmonds, I., The Association of Rainfall and Other Weather Variableswith Road Traffic Volume in Melbourne, Australia. Accident Analysis and Prevention,37, pp. 109–124, 2005. doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2004.07.005.
[4] Diao, M., Towards sustainable urban transport in Singapore: policy instrumentsand mobility trends. Transport Policy, 81, pp. 320–330, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.05.005.
[5] Schoeman, C.B.; Schoeman, I.M. Land use, traffic generation and emissions informulating a simplified approach in assessing development impacts in residentialareas. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 3(2), pp. 166–178, 2019. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V3-N2-166-178.
[6] Calculation of the efficiency of MaaS solutions (mobility as a service – mobility as aservice) using PTV MaaS Modeller. https://www.ptvgroup.com/ru/reshenija/produkty/ptv-maas-modeller (accessed on 20 August 2020).
[7] Noy, K. & Givoni, M., Is ‘smart mobility’ sustainable? Examining the views and beliefsof transport’s technological entrepreneurs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(2), 422,2018. doi.org//10.3390/su10020422.
[8] Parkhurst, G., Influence of bus-based park and ride facilities on users’ car traffic.Transport Policy, 7 (2), pp. 159–172, 2000. doi.org/10.1016/S0967-070X(00)00006-8.
[9] Pucher, J.; Dill, J. & Handy, S., Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increasebicycling: an international review. Preventive Medicine, 50, Issue SUPPL., January2010, S106-S125. doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028.
[10] Nistor, M.; Dias, A., Bike distribution model for urban data applications. InternationalJournal of Transport Development and Integration, 3(1), pp. 67–78, 2019. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V3-N1-67-78.
[11] Dingil, A.E.; Rupi, F.; Stasiskiene, Z., A macroscopic analysis of transport networks:the influence of network design on urban transportation performance. InternationalJournal of Transport Development and Integration, 3(4), pp. 331–343, 2019. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V3-N4-331-343.
[12] Cengiz, E.C., Bus rapid transit: an environmental friendly transport solution forIstanbul. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 1(1), pp.54–62, 2017. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N1-54-62.
[13] Van Ommeren, J. N.; Wentink, D. & Rietveld, P., Empirical evidence on cruising forparking. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46, pp. 123–130, 2012.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2011.09.011.
[14] Wilson, R.W. & Shoup, D.C., Parking subsidies and travel choices: assessing theevidence. Transportation, 17, pp. 141–157, 1990. doi.org/10.1007/BF02125333.
[15] Wilson, R.W., Estimating the travel and parking demand effects of employer-paidparking. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 22 (1), pp. 133–145, 1992. doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(92)90029-Z.
[16] Sargisson, R.J., Do parking fees affect commuting choices of staff and students on auniversity campus? International Journal of Transport Development and Integration,2(2), pp. 189–201, 2018. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V2-N2-189-201.
[17] Thomas, T.; Jaarsma, R. & Tutert, B., Exploring temporal fluctuations of daily cyclingdemand on Dutch cycle lanes: the influence of weather on cycling. Transportation,40(1), pp. 1-22, 2013. doi.org/10.1007/s11116-012-9398-5.
[18] Hamre, A. & Buehler, R., Commuter mode choice and free car parking, publictransportation benefits, showers/lockers, and bike parking at work: evidence fromthe Washington, DC Region. Journal Public Transportation, 17, pp. 67–91, 2014.doi:10.5038/2375-0901.17.2.4.
[19] Rodríguez, D.A.; Levine, J.; Agrawal, A. W. & Song J., Can information promotetransportation-friendly location decisions? A simulation experiment, Journal of TransportGeography, 19(2), pp. 304-312, 2011. doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.04.001.
[20] Rosa, M.P.; Gameiro, C.; Sousa, C.; Pinto, P.C., An analysis of elderly tourists’ constraintsin the use of public transport. International Journal of Transport Development andIntegration, 4(2), pp. 163–178, 2020. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V4-N2-163-178.
[21] Zakharov, D. & Fadyushin, A., “Changes in the structure of urban mobility withthe development of infrastructure for public transport and cyclists in cities” WITTransactions on Built Environment, Vol 200, WIT Press, 2020, ISSN 1743-3509
[22] Zhang, Y., Thomas, T., Brussel, M.J.G., Van Maarseveen, M.F.A.M. The characteristicsof bike-sharing usage: case study in Zhongshan, China. International Journal ofTransport Development and Integration, 1(2), pp. 245–255, 2017. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N2-245-255.
[23] Tatum, K., Parnell, K., Cekic, T.I., Knieling, J., Driving factors of sustainabletransportation: satisfaction with mode choices and mobility challenges in Oxfordshireand Hamburg. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 3(1),pp. 55–66, 2019. doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V3-N1-55-66.
[24] Esztergár-Kiss, D. & Kerényi, T., Creation of mobility packages based on the MaaSconcept. Travel Behaviour and Society, 21, pp. 307–317, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2019.05.007.
[25] Karlsson, M.I.C., Sochor, J. & Strömberg, H., Developing the ‘service’ in mobility as aservice: experiences from a field trial of an innovative travel brokerage. TransportationResearch Procedia, 14, pp. 3265–3273, 2016.
[26] Petrov, A. & Petrova, D., Sustainability of Transport System of Large Russian City inthe Period of COVID -19: Methods and Results of Assessment. Sustainability, 12(18),7644, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/su12187644.
[27] Tyumen region today. In Tyumen, the number of bicycles for rent will increase to 600.Available online: https://tumentoday.ru/2020/09/12/spros-na-veloshering-v-tyumeniprevzoshel-vse-ozhidaniya/ (accessed on 20 November 2020).
[28] Schoeman, C.B., International perspectives on transportation and urban form integration.International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 1(1), pp. 1–15, 2017.doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N1-1-15.
[29] Jacyna, M., Wasiak, M., Kłodawski, M., Gołȩbiowski, P., Modelling of Bicycle Trafficin the Cities Using VISUM. Procedia Engineering, 187, pp. 435–441, 2017. doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.397.
[30] Arliansyah, J., Prasetyo, M.R., Kurnia, A.Y., Planning of city transportationinfrastructure based on macro simulation model. International Journal on AdvancedScience, Engineering and Information Technology, 7(4), pp. 1262–1267, 2017. doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.7.4.2444.
[31] Ramli, M.I., Runtulalo, D., Yatmar, H., Mangessi, A., An Estimation of Origin-Destination Matrices for a Public Transport Network in Makassar using MacrosimulationVisum. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 875(1), 012027,2020. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/875/1/012027.
[32] PTV AG, PTV Visum Manual. Available online: http://cgi.ptvgroup.com/vision-help/VISUM_18_ENG/ (accessed on 23 July 2020).