OPEN ACCESS
The debate for the need to align spatial planning, transportation planning and environmental management strategically, functionally and operationally in support of modelling is ongoing internationally since the early 2000s. This incorporates the articulation of the planning instruments used by professionals within these functional fields and the way in which it is coordinated and aligned.
With the approval of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA) (Act 16 of 2013) and the SPLUMA Regulations (23 March 2015) in South Africa, the statutory planning legislation framework applicable during the previous political dispensation was reformed and democratized.
In this article the alignment between policy and legislative frameworks, guidelines and processes to support planning and development in spatial systems will be discussed. The approach presented in this article will serve as a guide in planning within developing countries.
environmental management, integrated planning, spatial planning, transportation planning, transformation processes
[1] Schoeman, C.B., Urban and regional planning and the interface with environmental management and transportation planning. Inaugural Address. Nr. 238, Scientific Con-tributions 2010. North West University, Potchefstroom Campus.
[2] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management (SPLU-MA) Act, Act 16 of 2013. Pretoria: Government Printer.
[3] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Regulations in Terms of the Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management (SPLUMA) Act (16 of 2013)/(R.239), 23 March 2015. Govern-ment Printer: Pretoria.
[4] National Department of Transport. National Transport Master Plan 2050. Departmental Publication: Pretoria, 2011.
[5] National Planning Commission (NPC). National Development Plan. NPC Internal Publication: Pretoria, available at www.gov.za/issues/national-development-plan-2030, 2012 (accessed October 2015).
[6] Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA). Draft Inte-grated Urban Development Framework. Departmental Publication: Pretoria, 2014.
[7] National Department of Transport. Draft National Transport Strategic Framework. De-partmental Publication: Pretoria, 2014.
[8] United Nations Habitat (UN HABITAT). Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility. Global Report on Human Settlements. Nairobi, Kenya, 2013.
[9] United Nations Habitat (UN HABITAT). Towards the Development of International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning. Nairobi, Kenya, 2014.
[10] United Nations Habitat (UN HABITAT). The State of African Cities. Re-Imagining Sustainable Urban Transitions. Nairobi, Kenya, 2014.
[11] Scheepers, T., A Practical Guide to Law and Development in South Africa. An Introduc-tion to the Law Applicable to the Development Management Process in South Africa. Juta: Kenwyn, 2000.
[12] Van Wyk, J., Planning Law, 2nd ed., Juta: Cape Town, 2012.
[13] National Planning Commission. Draft Green Paper on Development and Planning. De-partmental publication: Pretoria, 1999.
[14] Friedmann, J., A general theory of polarized development. Growth Centres in Regional Economic Development, ed. N.M. Hansen. The Free Press: New York, 1972.
[15] Schoeman, C.B., The Planning Implications of the Process of Functional Change in Mining Towns with Special Reference to the Witwatersrand. (translated from Afri-kaans). 1986. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. PU for CHE (now NWU Potchefstroom Campus). Potchefstroom.
[16] National Planning Commission (NPC). Diagnostic Overview. 2011, available at www. gov.za/sites/www.gov.za (accessed January 2016).
[17] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Development Facilitation Act (DFA). Act 67 of 1995. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[18] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Act 108 of 1996. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[19] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, Act 117 of 1998. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[20] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Local Government. Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[21] Department of Rural Development and Land Affairs. Spatial Development Framework (SDF) Guidelines. Departmental publication. Pretoria, 2012.
[22] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Urban Transport Act, Act 78 of 1977. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[23] Republic of South Africa (RSA). National Land Transport Transition Act, Act 22 of 2002. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[24] Republic of South Africa (RSA). National Land Transportation Act, Act 5 of 2009. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[25] Republic of South Africa (RSA). National Land Transport Act (5/2009): National Land Transport Regulations. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[26] Republic of South Africa (RSA). White Paper on National Transport Policy. 1996. Gov-ernment Printer: Pretoria.
[27] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Moving South Africa-The Action Agenda. Departmen-tal Publication: Pretoria, 1999.
[28] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Rural Transport Strategy for South Africa. Depart-mental Publication: Pretoria, 2003.
[29] Republic of South Africa (RSA). National Transport Master Plan (NATMAP). 2011. Background document, available at http://www.transport.gov.za (accessed January 2016).
[30] Department of Transport. National Land Transport Strategic Framework for South Afri-ca. Final Draft. Government Gazette 823 of 2015. Departmental Publication: Pretoria.
[31] Department of Transport. National Transport Master Plan 2050-Synopsis Update. Fi-nal Report. Departmental document: Pretoria, 2015.
[32] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Environment Conservation Act, Act 73 of 1989. Gov-ernment Printer: Pretoria.
[33] Council for the Environment. Integrated Environmental Management in South Africa. Joan Lotter Publications: Pretoria.
[34] Republic of South Africa (RSA). National Environmental Management Act, Act 107 of 1998. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[35] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Regulations in terms of Chapter 5 of the National En-vironmental Management Act. 1998. Regulation R.385. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[36] Republic of South Africa (RSA). Regulations in terms of Chapter 5 of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998. Regulations R.543 to R.547.2010. Government Printer: Pretoria.
[37] Department of Environmental Affairs. National Framework for Sustainable Develop-ment. 2009, available at https://www.environment.gov.za/?.../national_framework_sus-tainable_de (accessed July 2013).
[38] The Presidency. Forum for South African Directors-Generals. 2015, available at www. thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=183
[39] Litman, T., Planning Principles and Practices. Transport Policy Institute 2010, avail-able at https://www.environment.gov.za/.../economicsof_ecosystems_spatialplan. Victoria. Canada (accessed February 2012).
[40] National Treasury. Report 2000/01-2006/07. Departmental Publication: Pretoria.
[41] University of the Western Cape. Community Law Centre. Developmental Local Gov-ernment: Determining Appropriate Functions and Powers. Local Government Project. Cape Town, 2007.
[42] Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. Division of Functions. Departmental Publication: Pretoria, 2002.
[43] Van Wyk, J., Planning in all its (dis)guises: Spheres of government, functional areas and authority. 2012. PER/PLJ, 15(5), pp. 288–318.
[44] Geerlings, H. & Stead, D., The Integration of Land-Use Planning, Transport and Envi-ronment in European Policy and Research. Transport Policy, 2003.
[45] Stead, D., Geerlings, H. & Meijers, E., Integrated Land-Use Planning and Environ-mental Policy: An International Comparison. Volume 1. OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment. Delft University for Technology: Rotterdam, 2003.
[46] Stead, D. & Meijers, E., Policy Integration: What Does It Mean and How Can it be Achieved? A Multi-Disciplinary Review. 2004, available at https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=paWt-NQAAAAJ&hl=en (accessed August 2014).
[47] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Integrating the Environment in Ur-ban Planning and Management-Key Principles and Approaches for Cities in the 21st Century. Nairobi, Kenya, 2013.
[48] Eggenberg, M. & Partiaro, R., Development of a framework to assist the integration of environmental, social and economic issues in spatial planning. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 18(3), pp. 201–207, 2000.
[49] Goodstadt, V. & Partidaro, M.R., Spatial Planning and Environmental Assessments. Department of Environmental Affairs. 2010. Part III The Practice. TEEB for local and regional decision makers, available at https://www.environment.gov.za/.../economic-sof_ecosystems_spatialplanning_enviroassessment (accessed September 2014).
[50] Davis, M., Green Infrastructure In-Depth Case Analysis: Theme 7: Mapping for Plan-ning. IEEP, Ecologic, GHK, TAU, University of Antwerp, VITO, 2010.
[51] Waddell, P., Integrated land use and transportation planning and modelling: Addressing the challenges in research and practice. Transport Reviews, 31(2), pp. 209–229, 2011.