Reconstruction of a Historic Riverfront: Heritage Preservation and Urban Sustainability After Conflicts

2.1 Urban reconstruction: Definition and basics

2.1.1 Definition of urban reconstruction

City reconstruction involves rebuilding cities following disaster or conflict, where multiple dimensions of urban life—economic, cultural, and social—are addressed. The task is not only to rebuild the physical environment, but to enhance and re-enrich its urban use while maintaining its cultural heritage. For instance, the “CURE Framework,” created by UNESCO, stresses incorporating dynamic cultural elements of reconstruction to ensure sustainability and the health of the local community. Furthermore, Urban Reconstruction: A Path to Long-Term Sustainability [3]. Following the Sichuan, China earthquake of 2008, we have seen the good potential that flexible urban planning can make a city's long-term sustainability. When rebuilding urban areas after disasters or conflicts, our approach must follow these principles:

• Preserving Community Spirit: We need to respect this cultural identity of the city as well as its inhabitants. This is getting people back in touch with their roots, essence and heritage.
• Community Ownership of Reconstruction: Ideally, reconstruction initiatives follow the financial capacities of the impacted community. A study of disaster recovery in Turkey notes how various actors can work together to find solutions that integrate social and economic considerations [4].
• Fostering Sustainable Development + Resilience: Preparing for unexpected occurrences helps build resilience with strength in future disasters. Further, lessons learned from the Chilean experience suggest that fundamental resilience in rebuilding is achieved with considered urban design and sustainability elements to prevent future crises [5].
• Innovative Technologies: We access modern technology such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and 3D modeling that can contribute significantly to improving the precision of urban renewal. Technology such as the Terrestrial Digitization Technology, a project funded by the government, allows us to perform our jobs uninterrupted by conditions such as heat, rain, or bugs [6].
• Establishing a Comprehensive Aim for Holistic Goals: Our objectives in construction are to find a balance between economic goals, cultural goals, and environmental objectives. It was problematic, though, for post-conflict housing projects in Bam, looking to create a balance of modern houses for the post-conflict period as well as the city’s historic setting and historic values. If planning is inclusive, those complexities can be resolved and conflicts averted [7]. These principles say a lot about the complexity of new-build in a city. But rebuilding physical structures is not all the equation — it should also be about protecting cultural heritage and enabling the city to succeed far down the road.

2.2 City reconstruction: Designing for sustainable recovery and inclusive growth

Reconstruction involves more than the physical structure of roads and structures, and building and housing, but also involves the development of community and the relationships between people. True recovery is the creation of a safe space for all people in which they engage and blossom. Reconstruction of a city involves not only mending fences, tearing down barriers, and making good the losses to community spirit, culture, and livelihoods. It is an effort to create a strong city that lasts for a long time, solidifying its origins and remaining itself.

The reconstruction project on catastrophe cities has several possible steps proposed by Fayazi and Lizarralde [8]. Hitting the local economy prevents it from making major changes; it maintains indigenous minority cultural traditions over generations, supporting sustainable growth at the community level. This stage lasts longer than any single period of time and is likely to remain so for quite some time in the future. Rowley, on the use of PMMM in the succession from a phenol oxidase Research Institute to Garran Hall Plathottam, Fergus P., Comparative Pathobiology Research Center. To focus on its succession process, a medical center uses Bennis's integrative approach as it contains both transformational and transactional leadership theory. EAT Rowley High School product Best Yes makes a synonym for "dirt" look less hard, rather a conjoining brief term (DA) Because of various numerical methods for regional models dealing with three levels of elevation, Improvements in Winter Rainfall Prediction Over East China [6] exists as an all-encompassing field unto itself and this is why disaster reconstruction must not neglect placing more emphasis on ways to make vulnerable areas stronger. This means pursuing plans with a two-fold purpose: one that can help both society and nature thrive while making us less dependent on the goodness of easy days in future scenarios. A study of rebuilding after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, shows that environmental planning and disaster-prevention works make the houses safer for residents to live in, as well as better for the environment [9]. Preservation of cultural and architectural heritage is also a goal in urban reconstruction. UNESCO has pursued its CURE Framework, which foregrounds culture as a driver for reconstruction initiatives and requires safeguarding the historic sites and traditional townscape patterns as part of the reconstruction procedure. This does not only mean the physical elements, but also the cultural bricks and mortar of city life. Research in post-conflict cities, such as Beirut, indicates that the integration of cultural elements into an urban recovery process incurs social reconstruction along with the redevelopment of the economic sector, plus tourism and heritage sectors [8]. The improvement of the quality of life for locals is another purpose of urban reconstructions. Post-disaster shelter construction in Bam, Iran, also demonstrates that responding to local requirements and preserving culture substantially increases post-disaster life quality of the affected community [10]. Moreover, the sample of participatory planning in a post-disaster reconstruction process applied to Turkey implies that the reconstruction works are made suitable to the socio-economic needs of communities and contribute to higher ownership and satisfaction among people. Therefore, urban reconstruction should concentrate on developing a plan to reconstruct the city, not only in terms of fixing the physical infrastructure, but rather with respect to sustainability and retention of culture and quality of life for the affected parts of the city. The reconstruction of urban areas takes advantage of more sophisticated technology, taking into consideration participatory processes and cultural sensitivity. All are essential to creating thriving communities [11].

2.3 Urban planning and reconstruction theories

Urban planning and reconstruction are underpinned by narratives via various theoretical frameworks to explain the complex sustainability that comes from Human Centered Design, urban open space intervention, among other numerous urban theories. Urban planning and redevelopment are an integral part of sustainability. They highlight a human-scale approach at the same time as working toward long-term sustainability, to achieve environmentally and culturally sensitive urban balance [12-15]. The three dimensions of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental, are mainstreamed to enhance multi-sectoral collaboration, critical to the resilience of a post-conflict city [16-18].

2.4 Theoretical foundations of urban heritages

2.4.1 Closing thoughts on cultural heritage preservation and modern-day progress as a whole

Agisheva and Pokka [19] present this concept of what they refer to as 'Historic Urban Landscape' (HUL) as a pioneering idea. Although it diverges from traditional urban designs, it achieves an achievement in urban environments of both historic preservation and sustainable development. When we integrate the current uses of these historical sites, we make sure they are vibrant and are fully preserved [20, 21]. Moreover, Puren and Jordaan [22] introduce very well-integrated models for preservation as a means to realize a link between spatial planning, cultural conservation and cultural preservation. To create dynamic mosaics of history among the cities and at the same time as modern living environments, national urban policies or urban planning systems must incorporate heritage values [19, 22]. To restore the cultural and spatial identity of historic cities, our dream is therefore alive and well, and we look to preserve urban life as has always been traditionally understood from both a cultural and spatial point of view. As Kenneth Frampton says, restoration aims to create a sense of place and community that people will take to heart as they share their experiences with those who have long lived there. This vision is in accordance with Council Policy No: CERC-CWP-008-1, which gives urban living a connection to historical context. Wang and Fan [23] emphasize that the rapid pace of urbanization means that historic neighborhoods will soon lose their unique character and identity. Integrating cultural heritage into sustainable urban projects—as was demonstrated by Hosagrahar et al. [24]—nations could gain cultural benefits. This requires new ways for us to plan with our heritage’s future—in other words, creative approaches for future opportunities for our cultural heritage. These initiatives should be guided by sustainable development goals that seek to integrate conservation efforts into urban development practices. Today, this requires cities that are more resilient and equitable—where they remain true to the past, yet modernize in new ways, and recreate past local locations that are informed by history. Such approaches would have to be sustainable, but this would involve local communities as stakeholders and finding ways that would preserve those traditions of heritage [23, 25, 26].

2.5 The relevance of modern methods for "urban reconstruction" - GIS and digital models

Urban regeneration is improved with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital modeling techniques. Thanks to these high-level tools, planning data can be entered with much more spatial clarity and precision. They offer a more tangible way of seeing things and, crucially, help us make better decisions for post-disaster or rapid urbanization areas. Using 3D GIS in web-based environments gives urban planners better visualization and interactive options and more enhanced decision processes [24, 27].

Digital models, including 3D GIS models, are developed to deal with the difficulty of effectively simulating urban surroundings. For instance, Hamzah and Ebrhaeem [28] present a prototype of a 3D urban GIS that can fuse various sources of data to model urban volumes on a hierarchical basis for environmental purposes such as air pollution and noise control.

These capabilities and the integration of geometric structure from geospatial data, Li- DAR, and procedural modeling with advanced work such as urban digital twins are still beginning to be encapsulated for the large-scale visualization of urban geometries [29].

Scianna [30] investigated the potential of open-source frameworks in building and maintaining 3D GIS models. Data access and interoperability are preserved, and urban planners can create and share their 3D models using SW tools like Blender in conjunction with Post GIS, free of charge [31].

Finally, a further crucial element for reconstructing the city with GIS and digital modeling is that these tools will make it possible to solve complex problems in an accurate and sustainable way complex problems. In these respects, they act as a bridge for past recovery techniques and present requirements, advocating sustainable urban rebuilding [32].

2.6 Cultural heritage as a factor in post-conflict development

Local communities need to find ways to identify themselves after conflicts and rebuild their economy. These practices become very significant parts of culture as an economic resource. Selecting to preserve or salvage one's own cultural heritage, as it used to be done in previous times, is akin to letting a steadfast friend die. This, then, calls for appropriate ethical standards on intervention from outside one’s territory in order that Western purchasers do not force their own values onto local people [30]. Restoration of their heritage by local communities becoming involved. A workaround for permanent recovery is to join local groups and draw on all sectors of the population to handle this work. The role of local communities in the restoration of their heritage is key to a sustainable recovery. Larkin and Rudolf [33] have examined initiatives in Mosul and isolated the significance of heritage sites identified by local populations as symbols of their past, like markets and traditional neighborhoods, to the unity of the people and the rebuilding of the economy. This study highlights the need for local consultations and the negotiation process of heritage restoration between the different stakeholders. Cultural heritage must be integrated into broader frameworks of urban recovery for long-term resilience. The CURE (Culture in City Reconstruction and Recovery) Framework represents UNESCO’s integrated approach to culture as an asset and a means to recovery in cities. Approaching heritage preservation as integral to urban development helps rebuild cultural significance while serving contemporary needs [33-35].

Bishop [36] examines IHAF in the post-war revitalization of Dubrovnik, Croatia. The traditional role of cultural heritage is to preserve history, but, as shown by a research summary on preservation efforts in post-war Dubrovnik using IHAF (Institute for Heritage Aid Foundation) by Bishop [36], it can also help advance physical spaces, the entire economy, and community progress, too. The framework thinks of heritage as an intervention, an advocate in recovery, not something merely to be restored [37]. Barakat [38] discusses and draws some lessons from processes of post-conflict recovery in the Middle East North Africa (MENA). He argues that cultural heritage must be considered in post-conflict reconstruction policies. Highlights include the problem of local capacity-building, development as a work-gaming rather than time-intensive system, and incorporating local beliefs and practices into reconstruction efforts. In sum, culture is an essential element of post-conflict recovery—it clarifies, moves people out for rebirth, and provides the means for reconstruction. Yet the ingredients are simply missing. It requires commitment on the part of both the community and global society to have good quality work that meets these ideals, with public buy-in at home as well as ethical standards globally compatible [39].

Figure 13. Building the digital model and constructing the contour model of the study area

Figure 14. A sample of real estate registration records

The same concern in Jasim and Al-Bazzaz [2] addresses concerns for moderate satisfaction with cultural identity restoration (mean = 2.92). They find that some Old Mosul residents draw a lot on Laborouver, Hitchin city's symbolic and emotional epitomes of place in expressing a preference for rebuilding priorities. These two research cases are evidence of the collapse of a design and technical paradigm of a culturally appropriate environment at work here. Some communities, then, do not fully welcome it as a mirror of their collective history. Participatory planning, which serves as a major framework in municipal urban recovery (including municipal revitalizations and interventions), also scores this study moderately in terms of both transparency (mean = 2.81) and community participation (mean = 3.10). This means that, despite some public participation programs taking place, residents still believe they are separate from politics. Reference Pyramids on the Giza Plateau. Draughtsman drew circles around ward boundaries of the county council elections -- a similar phenomenon was encountered, and even the postwar reconstruction of Sarajevo after hostilities receded as Miller et al. (2019). Without these institutionalized mechanisms for participation, trust in urban renewal initiatives suffers in the public eye. To ensure a proper trade-off between infrastructure development and heritage restoration, responses on both domains have the same marks (2.91 and 2.89, respectively), so they assign equal weight to both types of work while still analyzing the sustainability of existing initiatives. This resonates with Baraka [39], who observes in the MENA region that both the speedy rebuilding of these regions as well as the reshaping of the physical structures that represent the collective memory have always been the priorities. Successes as opposed to failures have emerged, for example, Dubrovnik and Warsaw [38] are now successful examples which show how, through a single overall plan framework created with the input of different local communities, heritage preservation and infrastructure development have all become feasible. This work validates what many scholars have already argued: post-conflict reconstruction must now go beyond simple technical and aesthetic requirements to meet community needs; the city's past, which has been the best-established from a historical perspective, must also be considered and, not only for the history of the people of the city, but also when it comes to remembering the city, identifying the city and the participation that is meaningful and meaningful in the city. This is a relevant theoretical contribution to the understanding of post-war urban recovery that is culturally tailored, socially inclusive, and spatially appropriate.