© 2021 IIETA. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
OPEN ACCESS
Due to the ‘El Niño’ phenomenon, intense rains occur from January to March on the entire coast of Peru, producing mudflows which flood the coastal valleys, generating great problems for the agriculture of the place by flooding the crops, as well as the obstruction of one of the main highways that connect this part of the country. In this research, a two-dimensional computational simulation of this mudflow flood is carried out, in a Valley called ‘Los Pescadores’. Previously, for this simulation, information and data from the valley were collected, such as the topography, rheology, roughness of soils, as well as the hydrology of the basin of this valley. The flooding flow is a concentration of water and sediment; this corresponds to a non-Newtonian flow. After calibrating the simulation, a solution proposal is presented, in which it is proposed to channel the river that crosses this valley with an embankment dam and the construction of a bridge over the main road. Subsequently, the mudflow was simulated again with the proposed hydraulic structures, obtaining a satisfactory solution. With the final simulation, the magnitude of the flow, the depth, flow velocities and the length of the dike were calculated, as well as the length of the bridge. Finally, the cost of the proposed solution was determined.
embankment, flooding, hydrology, mudflow, South Peru, two-dimensional simulation
[1] Macro consult, sistema de información. Obtenido de , available at https://sim.macroconsult.pe/danos-de-el-nino-us3-124-millones-hasta-ahora-macroconsult/, (accessed 2 march 2019).
[2] O’Brien, J., Julien, P., & Fullerton, W. T. Two-dimensional water flood and mudflow simulation. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:2(244).1993.
[3] O’Brien, J. S., & Julien, P. Y., Laboratory Analysis of Mudflow Properties. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429, 114:8(877). 1988.
[4] Julien P.& Lan Y., RHEOLOGY OF HYPERCONCENTRATIONS, Civ. Eng., Res. Ctr., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523. USA1991.
[5] Courant- Friedrich- Lewy, available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant%E2%80%93Friedrichs%E2%80%93Lewy_condition, (accessed 15 March 2019)
[6] Castillo N., Leonardo F., Aplicación de un modelo numérico de flujo de escombros y lodo en una quebrada en el Peru., Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru. 2005.
[7] IGN. Ficha Tecnica PCR-3, Peru, 2017,
[8] O’Brien, J. S., & Julien, P. Y., Physical processes of hyper concentrated sediment flows, Conference on the Delineation of Landslides, Floods and Debris Flow Hazards, Utah, USA, 260-279. 1985.
[9] SENAMHI. (9 de abril de 2017). Descarga de datos hidrometeorologicos. Obtenido de, available at http://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=descarga-datos-hidrometeorologicos
[10] V. Chow, D. Maidment. L. Larry, Applied Hydrology, McGraw Hill Inc: NY, 1990.
[11] V. Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw Hill: NY, 1972.
[12] FLO-2D, Simulating Mudflow Guidelines, Nutrioso, Arizona, US, 2018.
[13] Perez, A.V., Perez, N., Perez, A. Flooding simulation and channeling in the valley of the Andes mountain in the south Peru; WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmental, Vol 239, 2019, W.
[14] PROVIAS Ministerio de Transportes comunicaciones, unidad zonal XIV, Arequipa, Report 13, Peru, 2012.
[15] Perez A., Huancara R., Cutire F., Perez N., Perez A., Two dimensional of non-Newtonian flow, WIT Transactions on the built environment, Vol 194, WIT Press, FRIAR 2020, Southampton and Boston, pp. 87-98, 2020.
[16] Perez A.V., Orosco J., Quispe V., Encauzamiento del rio Tambo, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru, 2017.