OPEN ACCESS
A high speed camera investigation is presented into the behavior of CO2 dry-ice particles in an application of dry-ice blasting to the defouling of commercial aircraft engine compressors. An image acquisition system is deployed in the compressor section of an aircraft engine and is used to determine the evolution of dry-ice particle size and velocity from the nozzle exit to the entrance to the engine’s high pressure compressor as the engine is cranked. A comparison study between CO2 dry-ice particle laden flows and airflows with single Polyoxymethylene (POM) particles of various diameters is also presented. Measurements are made using a range of blasting system pressures and using sonic and supersonic blasting nozzles. The behavior of large CO2 dry-ice particles (dP ≥ 1 mm) in this discontinuously and inhomogenously laden flow is compared to that of single POM particles under similar flow conditions and is found to behave similarly. The experiments presented turn out to be useful for supporting development of special purpose dry-ice blasting systems.
aircraft engine defouling, CO2 dry-ice blasting, HSC experiment, solid particle laden flow
[1] Giljohann, S., Braeutigam, K., Kuhn, S., Annasiri, S. & Russ, G., Investigations into the on-wing cleaning of commercial jet engines with co2 dry ice blasting. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrkongress Berlin, 1, pp. 1–9, 2012.
[2] Foster, R.W., Carbon dioxide (dry-ice) blasting. Good Painting Practice: SSPC Painting Manual, 1, pp. 161–167, 2005.
[3] Stratford, S., Dry ice blasting for paint stripping and surface preparation. Metal Finishing, 98, pp. 493–499, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0576(00)80450-X
[4] Spur, G., Uhlmann, E. & Elbing, F., Dry-ice blasting for cleaning: process, optimization and application. Wear, 233–235, pp. 402–411, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00204-5
[5] Haberland, J., Reinigen und Entschichten mit Trockeneisstrahlen -Grundlegende Untersuchungen des CO2-Strahlwekzeuges und der Ver-fahrensweise (in german). Ph.D. thesis, University Bremen, 1999.
[6] Redeker, C., Erosion and Removal by Dry-Ice Blasting (in german), Ph.D. thesis, University Hannover, 2003.
[7] Redeker, C., Bach, F.W. & Copitzky, T., Examination of the dry ice removal process for thermal sprayed coatings by particle image velocimetry. Thermal Spray: Advancing the Science & Applying the Technology, 1, pp. 1279–1284, 2003.
[8] Krieg, M.C., Analyse der Effekte beim Trockeneisstrahlen (in german), Ph.D. thesis, Technical University Berlin, 2008.
[9] Uhlmann, E., Hollan, R. & Mernissi, A.E., Dry ice blasting - energy efficiency and new fields of application. Engineering Against Fracture: Proceedings of the 1st Conference, 1, pp. 399–409, 2009.
[10] Masa, V. & Kuba, P., Efficient use of compressed air for dry ice blasting. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, pp. 76–84, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.053
[11] Dong, S.J., Song, B., Hansz, B., Liao, H.L. & Coddet, C., Modelling of dry ice blasting and its application in thermal spray. Materials Research Innovations, 16, pp. 61–66, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1433075X11Y.0000000015
[12] Rudek, A., Russ, G. & Duignan, B., An experimental and numerical validation study of particle laden supersonic flows. 9th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, 1, pp. 1–6, 2016.
[13] Otsu, N., A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 9, pp. 62–66, 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076
[14] Adrian, R.J., Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 23, pp. 261–204, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.001401
[15] Brady, M.R., Rabenb, S.G. & Vlachos, P.P., Methods for digital particle image sizing (dpis): Comparisons and improvements. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 20, pp. 207–219, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2009.08.001
[16] Cheezum, M.K., Walker, W.F. & Guilford, W.H., Quantitative comparison of algorithms for tracking single fluorescent particles. Biophysical Journal, 81, pp. 2378–2388, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(01)75884-5
[17] Hering, F., Merle, M. & Wierzimok, D., A robust technique for tracking particles over long image sequences. Proceeding of ISPRS Intercommission Workshop: ‘From Pixels to Sequences’, 30, pp. 1–5, 1995.
[18] Furst, E.M., Particle tracking (cheg 667–016). Technical report, University of Delaware, 2013.