OPEN ACCESS
Only physical training allows to improve the effort management on a bike. Electric bikes (e-bike, pedelec category) add a torque when travelling difficulties appear. But this facility does not manage the energy developed by the cyclist. A series hybrid type drivetrain for bikes, well known in the automotive field, is presented in this paper which improves the management of human efforts. The first results show the advantage of this solution compared to conventional self-management on the basis of a simple model of untrained cyclist behaviour. The paper argues that an energy storage device associated to series hybrid drivetrain will ensure an improved balance of the human effort management. However, the efficiency of this conversion chain must be high to maintain its benefits. In this context, a first sizing of an electric generator is introduced.
human powered vehicle, series hybrid, human energy management, human fatigue model.
Dave S. (2010). Life Cycle Assessment of Transportation Options for Commuters. Master Thesis. MIT.
Kinzel A. B. (1975). ELECTRICALLY POWERED CYCLE. US Pat. 3,884,317.
Fuchs A. (2008). Series Hybrid Drive-System: Advantages for Velomobiles. Hum. Power eJournal. no. April, pp. 1–13.
Fuchs A., Blatter J. (2007). Drive system operated by muscle-power. US Patent 7,156,780.
Watterson P. (2008). An electric assist bicycle drive with automatic continuously variable transmission. ICEMS. pp. 2992–2997.
Moeller F., Weber M. (2007). BICYCLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM. US Pat. 2012/0012412.
Mando. Mando Footloose. Available: http://www.mandofootloose.com/
Wilson D. G. (2004). Bicycling science. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.
Spagnol P., Alii G., Spelta C., Lisanti P., Todeschini F., Savaresi S. M., Morelli A. (2012). A full hybrid electric bike: How to increase human efficiency. American Control Conference pp. 2761–2766.
Zehus. Zehus|Wize Hub. Available: http://www.zehus.it/
Aubry J., Ben Ahmed H., & Multon B. (2012). Sizing Optimization Methodology of a Surface Permanent Magnet Machine-Converter System Over a Torque-Speed Operating Profile: Application to a Wave Energy Converter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 59(5), 2116–2125. doi:10.1109/TIE.2011.2163287.