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Since the 1970s, the need for accurate information on fish densities, while avoiding fisheries statistics, was the starting point of using hydroacoustic methods (echo-sounding). Over the past 40 years, this approach has become a major tool for fish stock assessment and to provide information in many areas (bottom discrimination, detection of submerged plants, detection of plumes, evaluation of zooplankton densities, predator-prey relationships). We present researches on i) standardization of these approaches with the impact of the used frequency in the context of water quality monitoring, ii) an example of echo-sounding to study an annual perch (Perca fluviatilis) population dynamics in an oligotrophic lake, and iii) the use of a multi-beam sonar to study school internal architecture and address specific discrimination.
echo-sounder, hydroacoustic, sonar, multibeam, frequency, stadardization, fish, perch, school, shoal, lake.
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