Improving Voltage Stability of Electrical Power System by Optimal Location of FACTS Devices Using an Evolutionary Method

Improving Voltage Stability of Electrical Power System by Optimal Location of FACTS Devices Using an Evolutionary Method

Soufiane LemdaniHabib Benbouhenni 

Departement d’Electrotechnique , Université de l’USTO-MB, Oran, Algeria

Departement d’Electrotechnique, ENP-MA, Oran, Algeria

Corresponding Author Email: 
lamdaniso@yahoo.fr
Page: 
108-112
|
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.650116
Received: 
26 October 2020
| |
Accepted: 
15 December 2020
| | Citation

OPEN ACCESS

Abstract: 

In the present work, a new approach for improving voltage stability by optimal location of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices has been discussed. We used Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an optimization technique to search the good placements of different FACTS systems in great electrical networks and its contribution to enhance voltage stability. Various FACTS devices were used in our study such as SVC, TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM, TCVR, TCPST and UPFC. The search of optimal parameters of those devices has been also investigated. The method presented in the paper was tested by using Matlab/environment. In addition, the proposed method has been implemented and tested on various IEEE power systems; 14Bus, 57Bus, and 118Bus. The obtained results show the validity of the proposed method.

Keywords: 

FACTS, SVC, TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM, UPFC, IEEE, GA, STABILITY

1. Introduction

In the present time, while the development is taking place, the demand of electricity in the world is simultaneously increasing. The Operation and the planning of great-interconnected electrical networks (ENs) are becoming more complex. Hence, in 1988, the launch of new technologies FACTS by electric power research institute offered many advances and the ENs are becoming flexible and controllable.

It is very important to know that the best implementation of the flexible systems (FACTS) devices can contribute to improve voltage deviation in all bases of the EN systems. Moreover, voltage deviation in the ENs plays very important role and is considered one of the most complex subjects in the study and analysis of complex power systems [1].

The problem of voltage stability is mainly caused by stressed loading condition of the system. It is essential to analyze the voltage stability for improving the efficiency of the network [1, 2]. Other authors have conducted many types of research on analysis of voltage stability. In addition, several methods have been proposed to improve the technical performances of the existing power systems.

Several new techniques, to optimize the FACTS systems and to maintain the voltage stability in the networks, have been suggested. For instance, the (PSO) technique and the AGS algorithm are proposed by Inkollu and Kota [2] to improve voltage stability and deviations. Another method to improve voltage stability in EN system, by optimal location of FACTS, has been published by Naganathan and Ranganathan. In the cited research papers, the use of the PSO algorithm as an optimization technique aims to determine a suitable position of STATCOM and UPFC in order to improve voltage stability in IEEE 118Bus and 75Bus power system [3].

Another method, based on the network reconfiguration technique for improving the voltage deviation of the EN systems, has been suggested by Kabir Chakra Borty & Bijaya Saha [4]. This technique is applied to the 6-Bus 8-line test system.

In this paper, we will implement one of the heuristic methods based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) to determine optimal placements associated with appropriate parameters of FACTS devices in power systems in order to enhance the voltage stability of the EN systems. In our study, different FACTS devices were used in simulation process, such as SVC, TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM, TCVR, TCPST and UPFC. At the end, the optimized placements have been tested in 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems.

2. Description of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Used in the Simulation Process

The FACTS is a device for improving operation and controlling Electrical Network based on the modification of different parameters of the power transmitted equation including voltage, phase angle, and reactance. This new technology participates in the enhancement of many operations in the EN system such as controlling active and reactive power flow, minimizing active losses in the transmission line and improving technical performance in power system. Indeed, the manner to set up this FACTS device technology with suitable locations and parameters is the actual subject of many research studies; in this context, several research papers have been published and the results have been presented in different international journals [5, 7, 16].

2.1 Static VAR compensator (SVC)

The SVC is a device of the (FACTS) systems family, which uses power electronics to control power flow on electrical networks. The SVC could be used to regulate voltage in EN buses with the reactive power injected or absorbed from the network. Many research papers, such as Tran Thi Ngoat, Le Ngoc Giang and other [8, 14, 15], have been published in the area of FACTS devices incorporation for enhancing the operation of electrical power systems.

2.2 Thyristor controlled serie compensator (TCSC)

The use of the TCSC in series with transmission line can increase its capability to carry the active power by modifying artificially its reactance [9].

2.3 Static synchronous serie compensator (SSSC)

The SSSC is also considered as a series device of FACTS family that is based on power electronics to control power flow. The device injects a voltage Vs in series with the transmission line where it is connected [10].

2.4 Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM)

Traditionally, the STATCOM is a voltage-regulating device. It is based on a power electronics VSC that can be installed in the great EN to improve its operation [9, 10].

2.5 Unified power flow controller (UPFC)

The UPFC can be considered as a combination of two FACTS systems; series and shunt device [8, 9]. The device also used to improve the transient stability of the EN systems [11].

2.6 Thyristor controller voltage reactor (TCVR)

To modify the node voltage level, TCVRs are used as a shunt device. This latter has been discussed by Eskandar and Ravi [8-10].

2.7 Thyristor controller phase shifter (TCPST)

In the regulation of voltage angle between the sending end and the receiving end of the transmission line, the (TCPST) device is used and represented by an ideal phase shifter [8].

3. Genetic Algorithm Definition

In optimization methods, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a search-based optimization method based on the principles of natural selections and genetics. This technique has been proposed by John Holland in Michigan University. This technique is applied in several area and used to find near-optimal or optimal solutions to overcome problems that would take otherwise a lifetime to be solved. The used Algorithm in this method has a simple form, which is easy to implement compared to another algorithms.

4. Problem Formulation

The search of optimal placements of FACTS devices in EN is based on maximizing load ability of the existing network without any topological modification in this later. We will maximize the network load ability represented by lambda factor (λ). We will also penalize all parameters by load factor (lambda) with respect to the stop criterion of the used algorithm.

5. Objective Function

The objective function to maximize the power system loadability could be formalized as follows:

$F=\max \{\lambda\}$     (1)

where, (λ) is the load factor

To simplify the enforcement of the process constraints where the FACTS devices are placed at random locations. The fitness function Ft is firstly defined, then the two terms that are targeted separately, the first term in line overloading Ovel and the second term is related to bus voltage violations VioB, are included as follows:

$F_{t}=2-\left\{\prod_{\text {Line }} O v e_{L}+\prod_{\text {Bus }} V i o_{B}\right\}$     (2)

$F_{t}$  is a fitness function.

6. Flowchart of Optimization

In the Figure 1, the flowchart of optimization using GA method is presented. In addition, the parameters of GA method used in simulation are given in Table 1.

Figure 1. Flowchart of optimization using GA technique

Table 1. The typical parameters of GA used in simulation

(GA) Parameter

Values

Number of generations

120

Size of Population

15

elite count

4

Crossover fraction

0.8

Fitness limit

1e-6

Time limit

inf

7. Simulation Result

The optimization algorithm has been applied on three test systems; IEEE30, IEEE57 and IEEE118.

7.1 IEEE 30 BUS

In the figure 2, the influence of optimal placements of FACTS devices proposed on bus voltage with power system loadability at lambda=1.24 is presented. From the simulation result, total voltage deviation equal to 0.017 with optimal placement and 0.031 without FACTS. Those results show the efficiency of this technique to improve a voltage in all buses of power system.

Figure 2. Voltage magnitudes (30 BUS)

Figure 3. Power flows (30 BUS)

In the Table 2, the type of FACTS devices proposed for each electrical network, the optimal placements of FACTS devices with their best parameters and total power flow with and without FACTS devices are presented.

Figure 4. Voltage magnitudes (30 BUS)

7.2 Simulation for 57 BUS

Figure 5. Voltage magnitudes (57 BUS)

Figure 6. Power flows (57 BUS)

Table 2. Optimal placement of FACTS devices with their best parameters in various test systems

System test

Type of FACTS Device

Optimal Location of FACTS

Best parameters

of FACTS

Total Power Flow

Without

FACTS

With

FACTS

30 BUS

SVC

Branch 06

-148.7 MVAR

521MW

550MW

TCSC

Branch 23

-0.704 REACTANCE

TCVR

Branch 36

1.020 Ration

TCPST

Branch 26

-4.975 Degree

UPFC

Branch 09

0.156pu,330.7 Degree,-0.076pu

57 BUS

SVC

BUS 34

-44.598 MVAr

2951MW

2959MW

SVC

Bus 1

-76.833 MVAr

TCSC

Branch 6

-0.449 Reactance

TCSC

Branch 73

-0.389 Reactance

TCVR

Branch 76

1.033 Ratio

TCVR

Branch 39

1.009 Ratio

TCPST

Branch 41

-4.210 Degree

TCPST

Branch 29

-2.263 Degree

UPFC

Branch 73

0.189pu,339.023Degree,-0.029pu

118 BUS

SVC

Branch 2

6.019e-5 pu

13687MW

14044MW

TCSC

Branch 128

0.062764 pu

TCVR

Branch 116

0.03893 pu

TCPST

Branch 122

0.24256 pu

UPFC

Branch 139

0.79pu, 2325Degree, 0.25pu

Figure 7. Voltage magnitudes (57 BUS)

7.3 Simulation for IEEE 118 BUS

Figure 8. Voltage magnitudes (118 BUS)

Figure 9. Power flows (118 BUS)

8. Conclusion

The method proposed in this work was implemented in the MATLAB/Environment. The presented technique aimed to investigate the optimal placement of FACTS devices associated with their suitable parameters based on the maximum load factor in the network. The GA method was used to optimize the appropriate emplacements of FACTS devices in the network, also the investigation of the best parameters of each device was also taken into consideration.

The considered method in this work was tested with various networks such as IEEE 30 bus, 57 bus and 118 bus. First of all, the voltage deviation in all buses of the network was analyzed and determined by the optimal locations of the FACTS device.

The optimal locations and parameters of each FACTS could contribute to enhance total voltage deviation in all bus in the network; therefore, this approach is considered as a novel technique for improving global stability of power system and particularly to enhance voltage stability.

Similarly, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) would be used as an evolutionary method to search the optimal placements of the FACTS device; therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique could be compared and evaluated.

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