OPEN ACCESS
The biosourced Polyamide 11 (PA11) is envisaged as a matrix in structural ecocomposites in combination with long flax fibers. Herein we compare the thermal, rheological, physical, mechanical and hydrothermal behavior of PA11 available as film or powder. These data are used for choosing between the two forms of the PA11 and to determine the temperature, holding time and pressure ranges suited for the elaboration of biocomposites by induction heating.
PA11 thermoplastic resin, flax fiber, thermal characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, rheology, thermocompression biocomposites, hydrothermal ageing.
The authors thank the Normandy Region for granting one of the authors and for helping in the acquisition of the equipment. This work was conducted under the “Réseau Matériaux Polymères, Plasturgie”program launched by the Normandy Region and the French Government.
Bos H.L., Molenveld K., Teunissen W., Van Wingerde A.M. and Van Delft D.R.V. (2004). Compressive behaviour of unidirectional flax fibre reinforced composites. Journal of Materials Science, 39 [6], p. 2159-2168.
Capsal J.F. (2008). Elaboration and analysis of the physical properties of hybrid ferroelectric nanocomposites, PhD at the CIRIMAT Laboratory UMR 5085, Toulouse, France.
Gaudefroy V., Chocinski L., Gacougnolle J.-L. and Rivière A. (2002). Influence of smectic phase on the mechanical behavior of polyamide 11 in uniaxial tension, Matériaux 2002, Nanterre.
Jacques B., Werth M., Merdas I., Thominette F. and Verdu J. (2002). Hydrolytic ageing of Polyamide 11: 1. Hydrolysis kinetics in water. Polymer, 43 [24], p. 6439-6447.
Kohan M.I., Mestemacher S.A., Pagilagan R. and Redmond K. (2003). Polyamides, Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
Landreau E. (2008). Materials from renewable resources. Plasticized starch/compatibilized PA11 mixtures, PhD of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes, France.
Lefebvre X. (2002). Slow brittle cracking of polyamide 11: creep mechanisms and lifetime, PhD of the Mine School of Paris, France.
Newman B.A., Kim K.G. and Scheinbeim J.I. (1990). Effect of water content on the piezoelectric properties of nylon 11 and nylon 7. Journal of Materials Science, 25 [3], p. 1779-1783.
Poulard F. (1998). Adhesion of polyamide 11: mechanisms and hygrothermal ageing, PhD of the Mine School of Paris, France.
Ricou P., Pinel E. and Juhasz N. (2005). Temperature experiments for improved accuracy in the calculation of polyamide 11 crystallinity by x-ray diffraction. Advances in X-ray Analysis, 48, p. 170-175.
Risson T. (1998). Creep behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced composites with epoxy matrices or PEEK, PhD of Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France.
Starkweather H.W., Moore G.E., Hansen J.E., Roder T.M. and Brooks R.E. (1956). Effect of crystallinity on the properties of nylons. J. Polym. Sci., 21 [98], p. 189-204.
Takase Y., Lee J.W., Scheinbeim J.I. and Newman B.A. (1991). High-temperature characteristics of nylon-11 and nylon-7 piezoelectrics. Macromolecules, 24 [25], p. 6644-6652.
Thuault A., Eve S., Blond D., Bréard J. and Gomina M. (2014). Effects of the hygrothermal environment on the mechanical properties of flax fibres. Journal of Composite Materials, 48 [14], p. 1699–1707.
Van Krevelen D.W. and Te Nijenhuis K. (2009). Properties of polymers: their correlation with chemical structure; their numerical estimation and prediction from additive group contributions (4th Edition), ISBN: 978-0-08-054819-7, Elsevier Science.
Zhang Q., Mo Z., Liu S. and Zhang H. (2000). Influence of annealing on structure of Nylon 11, Macromolecules, 33 [16], p. 5999-6005.