High Surface Area Lithium Titanate Electrode for Li-ion Batteries

High Surface Area Lithium Titanate Electrode for Li-ion Batteries

Nishant M. Tikekar John J. LannuttiRamchandra Rao Revur Suvankar Sengupta 

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 448 MacQuigg Labs, 105 W Woodruff Avenue, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210

Metamateria Technologies, 1275 Kinnear Road, Columbus OH 43212

Corresponding Author Email: 
lannuttj@matsceng.ohio-state.edu
Page: 
265-270
|
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v15i4.42
Received: 
30 November 2011
| |
Accepted: 
9 January 2012
| | Citation
Abstract: 

A lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) anode composed of submicron fibers with nanosize grains was fabricated by electrospinning from spin dopes prepared from nanoparticles of lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) and polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) in a solvent. Optimal electrospinning conditions and solvent composition that could be electrospun into fibers under a variety of ambient conditions were determined. Pyrolyzing the electrospun fibers at high temperatures (700°C for 5 hours in air) and plasma-treating in oxygen (500 m Torr for 30 m) revealed a nano-size grain structure within the individual fibers. Electrochemical testing with metallic lithium as a reference electrode displayed promising capacities for three charging cycles. The C rates displayed complete charging when the charging time was at least 10 minutes. However, faster charging resulted in a loss of capacity to as low as 50% when charged in less than three minutes. This degradation appears to be triggered by trace amounts of a secondary phase introduced by standard purity precursors used for preparing lithium titanate. Evidence for this was found using x-ray fluorescence revealing the presence of iron and silicon oxides.

Keywords: 

lithium titanate, Li-ion battery, electrospinning, surface area

1. Introduction
2. Experimental
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements

This material is based upon work supported by the National Sci-ence Foundation Grant Nos. IIP-0930626 and EEC-0425626. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

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