Continuity and Adaptability: A Collaborative, Eco-Industrial Park (EIP)-Focused Approach to Managing Small Town Community (STC) Sustainability

Continuity and Adaptability: A Collaborative, Eco-Industrial Park (EIP)-Focused Approach to Managing Small Town Community (STC) Sustainability

Richard Cawley 

Regents University, London

Page: 
468-476
|
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V12-N3-468-476
Received: 
N/A
| |
Accepted: 
N/A
| | Citation

OPEN ACCESS

Abstract: 

Outmigration, coupled with disruptive change – technological and climatic, present challenges for a small town community (STC) continuity and a concomitant adaptability imperative. The thesis of this paper is that the paramount need of STC is to attract and help to maintain SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) as the providers of jobs, and connected local economic benefits. However, urban planning faces concerns over their legitimacy, transparency, and the effects of what are perceived as (largely) politico-economic-driven and delayed planning processes. To address both needs and concerns, an original approach centred on collaborative decision-making by an eco-industrial park (EIP) stakeholder committee is explored. The connectivity of the local EIP tenants and stakeholder committee to an international EIP network enables adaptability and timely, informed STC decision making. To improve transparency and traceability in the latter, systematic, regular and scientific data gathering from its stakeholders is proposed. For this, a TRA/TPA-based research methodology is posited, and its application outlined. The discussion is based on research into urban planning, EIP and into SME management of eco-adaptation (EA), It is viewed as contributing to an important debate about urban planning processes, and to the change management needs of small towns. It has potential application to larger urban areas, and to cities. A list of recommendations for further research is provided.

Keywords: 

adaptability, collaborative decision making, connectivity, continuity, EA, EIP, legitimacy, SME, stakeholder committee, STC, TRA/TPA research.

  References

[1] Lennon, M. & Scott, M., Delivering ecosystems services via spatial planning: reviewing the possibilities and implications of a green infrastructure approach. Town Planning Review, 85, pp. 563–587, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2014.35

[2] Massy, D., Liveable towns and cities: approaches for planners. Town Planning Review, 76, pp. 1–6, 2014.

[3] Hopkins, D., The emancipatory limits of participation in planning. Town Planning Review, 81, pp. 55–81, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2009.24

[4] Agger, A., Towards tailor-made participation: how to involve different types of citizens in participatory governance. Town Planning Review, 83, pp. 29–45, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2012.2

[5] Parker, G. & Murray, C., Beyond tokenism? Community-led planning and rational choices: findings from participants in local agenda setting at the neighbourhood scale in England. Town Planning Review, 83, pp. 1–28, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2012.1

[6] Parker, G., Lynn, T. & Wargent, M., Sticking to the script? The co-production of neighbourhood planning in England. Town Planning Review, 86, pp. 519–534, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2015.31

[7] Legacy, C., Curtis, C. & Neuman, M., Adapting the deliberative democracy ‘template’for planning practice. Town Planning Review, 86, pp. 319–340, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2014.20

[8] Brownhill, S., Participation and planning: dichotomies, rationalities and strategies for power. Town Planning Review, 787, pp. 401–428, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.78.4.2

[9] Scattoni, P. & Falco, E., The hidden factor in planning and local politics in Italy: the case of Tuscany. Town Planning Review, 83, pp. 47–67, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2012.3

[10] Tait, M., Building trust in planning professionals: understanding the contested legitimacy of a planning decision. Town Planning Review, 83, pp. 597–617, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2012.36

[11] Tait, M. & Hansen, C-J., Trust and governance in regional planning. Town Planning Review, 84, pp. 283–312, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2013.17

[12] Chiodelli, F. & Moroni, S., Corruption in land-use issues: a crucial challenge for planning theory and practice. Town Planning Review, 86, pp. 436–455, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2015.27

[13] Sturzacher, J. & Shaw, D., Localism and practice-lesson from a pioneer neighbourhood plan. Town Planning Review, 86(5), pp. 587–609, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2015.34

[14] Howie, H., Can planners really deliver? Town Planning Review, 86, pp. 1–5, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2015.1

[15] Innes, J., Viewpoint: Collaborative rationality for planning practice. Town Planning Review, 87, pp. 1–4, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2016.1

[16] Batty, S., Planning for sustainable development in Britain. Town Planning Review, 77, pp. 20–41, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.77.1.3

[17] Powe, N. & Hart, T., Market-towns: understanding and maintaining functionality. Town Planning Review, 79, pp. 347–370, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.79.4.2

[18] Fishbein, M. & Azjen, I., Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research Practice, Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, USA, 1975.

[19] Azjen, I., Theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision-Making Processes, 50, pp. 179–211, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

[20] Anbumozhi, V., Chandanie, A. & Portugal, J., Boosting the environmental and economic competitiveness of SME clusters in Asia: policies and challenges, background paper prepared for the Regional Workshop on Eco-Industrial clusters, policies and challenges, Tokyo, Japan, 2009.

[21] Sarkar, A., Promoting eco-innovations to leverage sustainable development of ecoindustry and green growth. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(1), pp. 171–224, 2013.

[22] Gibbs, D. & Deutz, P., Sustainability and the local economy: the role of eco-industrial parks. In Ecosites and the Implementation of European Union Environment and Sustainable Development Policies, eds. J. Dallemand & L. Mottram, Department of Geography, Environment and Earth Science, University of Hull, UK, 2004.

[23] Roberts, P., The evolution, definition and purpose of urban regeneration. In Urban Regeneration: A Handbook, eds. P Roberts & H Sykes, 2004.

[24] Dervojeda, K., Nagtegaal, F., Lengton, M. & Daata, P., Eco-Industrial: Analysis of industry-specific framework conditions relevant for the development of world-class clusters. Report for European Cluster Observatory, The European Commission NL Agency, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2013.

[25] Tudor, T., Adam, E. & Bates, M., Drivers and limitations for the successful development and functioning of EIP’s (eco-industrial parks): a literature review. Ecological Economics, 61(2–3), pp. 199–207, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.010

[26] Esty, D. & Winston, A., Green to Gold: How Smart Companies choose Environmental Strategy to Innovate, Create Value and Build Competitive Advantage, John Wiley and Son: New York, 2009.

[27] Jorgensen, A. & Knudsen, J., Sustainable competitiveness in global supply chains –how do small Danish firms behave? The Copenhagen Centre for Corporate Responsibility, 2006.

[28] Vernon, J., Essex, S., Binder, D. & Curry, K., The greening of tourism microbusinesses: Outcomes of four group investigations in South- East cornwall. Business Strategy and Environment, 12(1), pp. 46–49, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.348